Drug Uses
Acyclovir is used to treat herpes infections of the skin, lip, and genitals; herpes zoster (shingles); and chickenpox. It does not cure herpes infections but decreases pain and itching and promotes healing. Sometimes acyclovir is given to help prevent the infection from coming back. Acyclovir also treats shingles and chickenpox infections. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
How Taken
Acyclovir tablets or capsules should be taken by mouth, following the directions on the prescription label. Swallow whole with a full glass of water. Take your doses at regular intervals, with or without food, not more often than directed. Finish the full course prescribed by your prescriber or health care professional even if you think your condition is better. Do not stop taking except on your prescriber's advice. Special care may be needed for use of this medicine in children, contact your pediatrician or health professional.
Warnings/Precautions
Patients with renal impairment need dosage adjustments. Caution should also be exercised to patients receiving potentially nephrotoxic agents (this may increase the risk of renal dysfunction and/or the risk of reversible central nervous system symptoms such as those that have been reported in patients treated with intravenous acyclovir). Patients should consult with their physician if any adverse reactions occurs, also if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant, they intend to breastfeed while taking orally administered Acyclovir, or they have any other questions.
Herpes Zoster: There are no data on treatment initiated more than 72 hours after onset of the zoster rash. Patients should be advised to initiate treatment as soon as possible after a diagnosis of herpes zoster.
Genital Herpes Infections: Acyclovir is not a cure for genital herpes.
Chickenpox: Chickenpox in otherwise healthy children is usually a self-limited disease of mild to moderate severity. Adolescents and adults tend to have more severe disease. Treatment was initiated within 24 hours of the typical chickenpox rash in the controlled studies, and there is no information regarding the effects of treatment begun later in the disease course.
Missed Dose
In case you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.
Possible Side Effects
Side effects depend upon the dose you are taking and the infection being treated.
These side effects you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible: confusion or hallucinations, increased thirst,redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth, reduced amount of urine passed, seizures, skin rash or hives, stomach pain, tremor, unusual weakness or tiredness
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome): diarrhea, dizziness, headache, increased sensitivity to the sun, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
Storage
Store at room temperature between 15° and 25°C (59° and 77°F). Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
Overdose
Agitation, coma, seizures, and lethargy may occur in association with overdosage. Overdosage has been reported following bolus injections or inappropriately high doses and in patients whose fluid and electrolyte balance were not properly monitored. This has resulted in elevated BUN and serum creatinine and subsequent renal failure. In the event of acute renal failure and anuria, the patient may benefit from hemodialysis until renal function is restored
More Information
Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.
Follow the directions for using Acyclovir provided by your doctor.
Disclaimer
This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
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The FDA has approved the drug Famvir as the first and only one-day antiviral treatment for recurrent genital herpes and cold sores in people with healthy immune systems.
The drug’s maker, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., announced the FDA approval in a news release dated July 28.
At least 45 million people age 12 and older in the U.S. have had a genital herpes infection -- or about one in five in that age range, says the CDC.
Before, genital herpes required five days of Famvir treatment -- although at a lower dose. Famvir was not FDA approved for cold sores in people with healthy immune systems (meaning those without aids).
The new approval shortens Famvir treatment to a single day at the start of an outbreak and adds cold sores to the drug’s approved uses.
What’s Your Risk for Genital Herpes?
Famvir Dosage
Patients would take 1,000 milligrams of Famvir twice daily for one day at the first sign of genital herpes symptoms, and 1,500 milligrams of Famvir once for one day at the first sign of cold sore symptoms to shorten outbreaks and reduce symptoms.
The drug, available only by prescription, is taken orally.
It does not cure genital herpes or cold sores. Currently, there is no cure for herpes. Antiviral drugs such as Famvir, Zovirax and Valtrex can only help treat or suppress the infection.
Famvir earned FDA approval in 1994 and is used to treat shingles, as well as the herpes virus which causes both genital herpes and cold sores.
Vaginal Gel Blocks HIV, Herpes
Timing Counts
Single-day Famvir should be started within six hours of the first sign of symptoms, such as tingling, itching, burning, or the appearance of herpes sores, says Novartis.
There is “a narrow window of opportunity for treatment” at the start of an outbreak of herpes or cold sores, says Novartis.
Timing is crucial because the virus copies itself most actively in an outbreak’s first hours. Interrupting that process may shorten the outbreak and reduce its severity.
Get the Facts on Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Herpes Virus
There are two types of the herpes simplex virus: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2).
Cold sores are typically caused by the former, which can spread by kissing an infected person or sharing eating utensils, towels, or razors.
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and is usually caused by HSV-2, although it can result from HSV-1.
Most genital herpes patients have few or no symptoms, the CDC notes.
When symptoms appear, there are usually one or more blisters around the genitals or rectum. The blisters can break, leaving tender sores that may take several weeks to heal.
Clinical Trials
Single-day Famvir was tested in clinical trials for treatment of recurrent genital herpes and cold sores.
The genital herpes trial included 329 patients. At the first sign of a herpes outbreak, they got one of two treatments, without knowing which they received:
1,000 milligrams of Famvir twice daily for one day A pill containing no medicine (placebo).
The Famvir group had milder symptoms and shorter outbreaks that lasted about four days, instead of six days with the placebo, Novartis reports.
Single-dose Famvir had a similar effect on the length and severity of cold sores in the cold sores trial, which included 481 patients, according to Novartis.
Novartis is a WebMD sponsor.
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